These second-generation respondents are surveyed biennially until age thirty, and are subsequently surveyed every four years. When these second-generation respondents had children, they were interviewed about the third generation. Every child of the women in the NLSY is inducted into a second generation sample almost 10,000 children have been interviewed at least once since 1986. The NLSY began as a nationally representative sample of almost 13,000 men and women in 1979. This study uses data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY), a multiple-generation longitudinal survey with data on a wide range of important developmental, economic, and social topics. We find that Head Start participation increased positive parenting practices for each ethnic group and for participants whose mothers did not have a high school degree when compared with the outcomes of children who went to a preschool other than Head Start.Overall and particularly among African American participants, we find that Head Start also causes social, emotional, and behavioral development that becomes evident in adulthood measures of self-control, self-esteem, and positive parenting practices.Consistent with the prior literature, we find that Head Start improves educational outcomes- increasing the probability that participants graduate from high school, attend college, and receive a post-secondary degree, license, or certification.i Among the key takeaways of the analysis are: In this Economic Analysis, we investigate the impact of Head Start on a new set of long-term outcomes, extending landmark analyses further into adulthood and considering the effect of Head Start on participants’ children.
Head Start, the large-scale federal preschool program, has also been shown to improve post-preschool outcomes, including high school completion and health outcomes. Research has demonstrated strong long-term impacts of random assignment to high-quality preschool programs from the 1960s and 1970s, including Perry Preschool and the Abecedarian program. Across many studies of several programs, preschool attendance among disadvantaged children has been found to positively impact participants. For example, reductions in air pollution in the first year of life and more experienced kindergarten teachers are associated with increases in later earnings, while childhood access to food stamps and Medicaid causes better health in adulthood. A growing body of rigorous evidence suggests that policy interventions aimed at early childhood bear fruit for decades.
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